Capsule Endoscopy

Download the preparation instructions

What is Capsule Endoscopy?

Capsule Endoscopy lets your doctor examine the lining of the middle part of your gastrointestinal tract, which includes the three portions of the small intestine: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.  Your doctor will use a pill-sized video capsule called an endoscope, which has its own lens and light source and will view the images on a video monitor.  You might hear your doctor or other medical staff refer to capsule endoscopy as small bowel endoscopy, pill cam, capsule enteroscopy, or wireless endoscopy. 

Why is Capsule Endoscopy Done?

Capsule endoscopy helps your doctor evaluate the small intestine.  This part of the bowel cannot be reached by traditional upper endoscopy or by colonoscopy.  The most common reason for doing capsule endoscopy is to search for a cause of bleeding from the intestine.  It may also be useful for detecting polyps, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease), ulcers, and tumors of the small intestine. 

As in many new diagnostic procedures, not all insurance companies are currently reimbursing for this procedure.  You may need to check with your insurance carrier to ensure that this is a covered benefit.  

How Should I Prepare for the Procedure?

An empty stomach allows for the best and safest examination, so you should have nothing to eat or drink, including water, for approximately twelve hours before the examination.  Additional specific preparation instructions will be provided at time of procedure scheduling.   

Discuss with your doctor any allergies to medications as well as medical conditions, such as swallowing disorders and heart or lung disease.  Also tell your doctor of the presence of a pacemaker, previous abdominal surgery, or history of obstructions in the bowel, inflammatory bowel disease, or adhesions. 

Download the preparation instructions

What Can I Expect During Capsule Endoscopy?

Your doctor will prepare you for the examination by applying a sensor device to your abdomen with adhesive sleeves (similar to tape).  The capsule endoscope is swallowed and passes naturally through your digestive tract while transmitting video images to a data recorder worn on your belt for approximately eight hours.  At the end of the procedure you will return to the hospital and the data recorder is removed so that images of your small bowel can be put on a computer screen for the physician to review. 

What Happens After Capsule Endoscopy?

You will be able to drink clear liquids after two hours and eat a light meal after four hours following the capsule ingestion, unless your doctor instructs you otherwise.  You will have to avoid vigorous physical activity such as running or jumping during the study. 
 

What are the Possible Complications of Capsule Endoscopy?

Although complications can occur, they are rare when doctors who are specially trained and experienced conduct this procedure.  Potential risks include complications from obstruction.  This usually relates to a stricture (narrowing) of the intestine from inflammation, prior surgery or tumor.  It’s important to recognize early signs of possible complications.   If you have evidence of obstruction, such as unusual bloating, pain or vomiting, call your doctor immediately.  Also, if you develop a fever after the test, have trouble swallowing or experience increased pain, contact your doctor immediately.  Be careful not to prematurely disconnect the system as this may result in loss of image acquisition. 
 

(This information is provided by the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)